Your clothing has a memory? See how new memory fabrics shine

As the living standards of the people in the society are getting higher and higher, the demand for textile and clothing is also getting higher and higher. Among them, the ease of shaping in textiles and clothing seems to be an essential element for future development. At this time, textile scientists began to study shape memory fabrics. This kind of fabric allows you to avoid the trouble of ironing and wrinkling, and you don't have to worry about getting wrinkled clothes in the morning. Their common characteristic is that after the deformation is fixed, they can be restored to a preset state by stimulating with external conditions such as heating. This is the magic of memory fabrics.

 

Memory fabric application:

A typical example of a shape memory alloy applied in the textile field is an anti-scald garment: titanium -nickel alloy fibers are first processed into a pagoda or spiral spring shape, further processed into a flat shape, and then fixed in a garment sandwich. When the clothing surface is exposed to high temperatures, the shape memory alloy wire is triggered and quickly changes from a flat shape (like a flattened spring) into a pagoda shape, forming a large gap in the two layers of the fabric, leaving the high temperature away from the human skin, effectively preventing burns.

However, shape memory alloys have disadvantages such as high density and small deformation. The shape memory polymer ( SMP) gives the traditional polymer material an intelligent feature of shape memory, which can be restored to its original shape by responding to external stimulus (such as heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and force), and has a low density. (typically 1.0 ~ 1.3g / cm 3), large deformation, easy shaping, and adjustable in response to temperature, is the ideal smart textile material, widely used in medical terminals, aviation.

 

So how does the fabric complete its memory:

SMP has a two-phase structure, that is, fixed and reversible phase, in which the stationary phase refers to a component in the material structure that can memorize the initial shape of the material, which is not affected by temperature; and the reversible phase refers to a structure that softens as the temperature changes. The composition of the hardening transition (in the case of thermal actuation). When the temperature is below the transition temperature (Ttrans), the molecular segment is in a frozen state and the shape of the material is fixed; when the temperature is above Ttrans, the molecular segment is in a highly elastic state and can be stretched under the action of an external force or fixed. Recovered to the curled state, the shape recovery behavior of the material occurs macroscopically.

 

Which means help the fabric to complete the memory:

( 1) Thermal drive

Thermal drive is currently one of the most common and direct methods of driving. Usually, heat is transferred directly from the external environment (convection, radiation, etc.) to the SMP to stimulate its shape memory effect.

( 2) Electric drive

Electric drive is the application of voltage on the conductive SMP material, due to the thermal effect of the current, the electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, which drives the shape memory effect. This kind of driving method has less energy loss and has great application prospects, but its application object is limited to SMP materials with conductive functions. Current research is mainly directed at filling conductive materials (such as carbon black, metal powder and conductive polymers, etc.) ) SMP composites.

( 3) Optical drive

The optical drive is mainly directed to the polymer material in the direction of ultraviolet light, and the shape memory effect is achieved by the photochromic groups on its molecular chain. The light driving method has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy loss, and remote control, but the requirements for the characteristic structure of the material are relatively harsh, ie, the material must contain photochromic groups. The photochromic groups that have been reported have cinnamic acid and the like and can exist in the main chain and side chains of the polymer.

( 4) Magnetic drive

The magnetic drive induces high-frequency changes in the orientation of the magnetic particles by the application of a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. The friction generated between the particles and the substrate converts the magnetic energy into heat energy and drives the recovery of the material shape. The magnetic drive is characterized by a non-contact approach and is limited to driving magnetic nanoparticle-filled SMP composites.

( 5) Chemically driven

The common chemical driving methods include pH value change, balanced ion replacement, hydrazine synthesis reaction, phase transition, and redox reaction. In addition, the effects of water, moisture, and organic solvents can also drive the occurrence of SMP shape memory effect.

 

Xiaobian told so many people, I believe we will all understand the memory fabrics in textiles and clothing, in fact, not only memory fabrics in the textile industry have applications, in aerospace, in biomedical memory materials have shown him Unique charm. Xiao Bian thinks that the memory fabrics of the textile and apparel industry in the future will surely shine.

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