The physical characteristics of the difference between jade and jade

(1) The difference between nephrite and jade

We often hear names such as "Hetian jade", "Taiwan jade", "Canadian jade"; and "羊脂白玉", "碧玉", "青玉", "墨玉", etc., which belong to mineralogy A collection called "nephrite". "Soft jade" has not been seen in ancient Chinese classics, and it is derived from modern mineralogy. Nephrite is a special collection of hornblende minerals. According to its color, nephrite can be divided into: white jade, sapphire, jasper, ink jade, topaz, sugar jade and other important varieties. The differences between nephrite and jade are:

1. The color of nephrite is relatively uniform, with white, dark green, black and green, etc., no fresh green.

2. Soft jade is oily and lustrous, no green.

3. The proportion of nephrite (3.00) is slightly lower than the proportion of jadeite.

4. The refractive index of nephrite (1.62) is also slightly lower than that of jadeite.

(2) The difference between "Malay jade" and jade

In the 1980s, a bright green and even jade appeared in the jade market. The beaded or ring-faced, once deceived many people, thought it was "a rare high-grade jade." What is this jade? This jade is called Malaysian jade (referred to as Ma Yu, also known as "Malay Cui"), this is just a name. Malaysian jade is not produced in Malaysia. It is the name of a fake jadeite that was sold by some Indian and Pakistani businessmen in the early days of the mainland. Malay jade is actually a kind of very fine-grained quartzite dyed in green, but there are obvious differences compared with jade:

1. Visually, the color of Malaysian jade is too bright and very unnatural.

2. The proportion of Malaysian jade is 2.65, which is much smaller than the proportion of jadeite 3.24~3.43.

3. The average refractive index of Malaysian jade is 1.55, which is lower than that of jadeite.

4. The color does not turn red under the Charles filter, but the presence of the dye can be observed under the ten-fold mirror, that is, the color is very floating and is a staining phenomenon.

(3) The difference between Australian jade (green chalcedony) and jade

Australian jade, also known as Nanyang jade, is named after its richness in Australia. Because of the green color, it is quite popular. It has a certain light transmission, fine particles and low price, which has confuse some people. In fact, it is a cryptocrystalline SiO2, called chalcedony or stone in mineralogy. Australian jade can not be called jade strictly, it should be green chalcedony, its appearance is similar to jade, but different from jade:

1. Australian jade is too uniform in color, showing apple green, rarely dark green, much like plastic.

2. With the magnifying glass, the Australian jade can never see the green.

3. Australian jade with a specific gravity of 2.60 is much lighter than the proportion of jadeite (3.24~3.43).

4. Australian jade has a refractive index of 1.55, which is lower than that of jadeite.

(4) The difference between Dongling jade and jade

In the jewelry market, there is a kind of medium-green (the shade changes), translucent beads (also occasionally carved into ornaments), because of a certain green, the price is not high, quite a lot of ladies Favor. What is this type of beading? Asking the seller, he replied, "This is the Dongling jade produced in India." Dongling jade, also known as Dongling stone, was first produced in India, hence the name "Indian jade". There is also output in Henan, China. Some people call it "Miaoyu", but the correct name should be Yaojing. The difference between Dongling jade and jade is:

1. With the perspective light, it can be seen that there are parallel green chrome mica sheets in Dongling jade. Sideways, often form a "green line." The green chrome mica appeared red under the Charles filter.

2. The proportion of Dongling jade is 2.65, which is much smaller than the proportion of jadeite. It can be measured by hand. 3. The average refractive index of Dongling jade is 1.55, which is lower than that of jadeite.

(5) The difference between water mill (sodium feldspar jade) and jade

In recent years, in the jewellery market of Kunming, Ruili, Tengchong and other large cities in Yunnan, there is a kind of "ice type" jade with a very good head and a transparent or translucent color. The overall color is white or grayish white. It has fewer white spots and ribbons, and the distribution is uneven. This jade is called "water scorpion" in Yunnan, and the blue-colored ribbon is called "water floating blue flower", which is often processed into Bracelets, pendants and carvings are sold in the Taiwan market. In fact, the main mineral component of "water mill" is albite, followed by a small amount of pyroxene minerals and amphibole minerals. Simple identification can be done in the following ways:

1. Magnification observation method: The water mill is mainly composed of albite, which is not green, and has more white stone brain or cotton.

2. Hand rubbing method: The proportion of water grinder (2.57~2.64) is much smaller than that of jadeite, and the hand rub is more light than the emerald.

3. Determination of refractive index method: The refractive index of water mill (1.52~1.54) is much smaller than that of jadeite.

All in all, by understanding the characteristics of jadeite, you can grasp the difference between jade and similar stones.

There is a very simple way, that is to use jade or jade to draw on the glass, because the hardness of jade and jade is not the same, jade is the hardest is called jadeite, and the remaining jade is called nephrite. The emerald is cut into glass, there will be scratches on the glass, and the jade has no wear and tear. This is not possible with any nephrite.

The main method of identification of true and false is that with the aid of a magnifying glass or a microscope, it can be seen that the interior of the jade has a fiber-interwoven structure with a fine grain size; while the artificial glass has no structure, bubbles can be seen. It can also be carved with a knife in a place where the jade is not conspicuous. The one that is engraved must be a fake jade, and the one that does not move is the real jade. It is often said that "gold is worthy of jade." Because the top grade of Hetian jade is getting scarce, it can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan per kilogram, while the average Qinghai white jade and Russian white jade are only a few thousand yuan, so some people will mix it with Hetian jade. These jade are basically the same as the minerals of Hetian jade, but the surface color is darker and softer, and the time will be more bleak for a long time.

Old jade and new jade can be identified from two aspects. The surface of the old jade has a layer of oxidized jade, commonly known as "pachet", like the skin of autumn pear, which is obviously different from the natural color of jade, and the new jade is No. From the perspective of engraving, ancient jade is a symbol of rank and right, with many mythical flowers and birds and figures, such as dragons and phoenixes. The new one is generally auspicious.

Since ancient times, Yu has formed an indissoluble bond with Chinese culture.

In the hearts of Chinese people, jade is a symbol of good fortune. Therefore, Chinese people like to protect themselves with jade, protect their peace and evil spirits, and even bury them with jade. Westerners mainly appreciate the grace, mystery and romantic color of jade.

Classification of jade:

Jade can be divided into nephrite and jadeite, which are two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green and black, and the color distribution is even. As for jadeite, there are mainly white, purple, yellow and green, and the uniformity of color distribution will be different in different germplasm.

The vast majority of the products produced in China are nephrite, while the "shallow white jade" is a treasure in nephrite. The texture is fine and the color is white. Many exquisite jade works are made of nephrite.

The main producing area of ​​jadeite is Myanmar, which is rarer than soft jade. Since jadeite is superior to jade in terms of jade quality, color and price, the jade jewelry on the market is mainly made of jadeite, and the demand of consumers is also very large, so it will focus on jadeite-emerald.

Appreciation of jade:

Appreciation of jade should pay attention to color and germplasm, which can be subdivided into color, transparency, clarity, cut and crack, and generally start with its color.

●Color

Color is the most important factor affecting the value of jadeite. The color of jade can be evaluated from the following four domains:

To be pure: pure refers to the ratio of the main color of the jade and the secondary color. For example, the green jade is the best, the pure green is the best, the green is yellow or blue, and the gray is the worst.

To be light and light: When it comes to the depth of color, of course, the thicker the better, but the color is too thick, but it will cause counter-effects and reduce the quality of jade.

Be clear: the brighter and brighter the color of the jade, the more attractive the gray or black ratio, the darker the color.

To be uniform: the more uniform the color distribution, the higher the value.

●Transparency

The transparency of jade affects the refraction of light, which affects the overall beauty. When the light enters the transparent and delicate jade, it will reflect the beautiful light, making people feel the crystal clear and transparent, greatly increasing its beauty. On the contrary, if the light encounters a jade with a low transparency and a rough texture, it will reflect the dull light, which will greatly reduce the attractiveness of the jade.

●Clarity

Clarity refers to the flaws contained in jadeite, mainly white and black, which are caused by other minerals contained in jadeite. Relatively speaking, black enamel is more unsightly than white. The less impurities contained in the jadeite, the better.

●Cut

The processing of jadeite products is divided into two categories: light body and carved. Because the surface of the finished product is not covered, the requirements for raw materials are high. Except that there is no crack, the ratio of cutting, the thickness of the product and the symmetry are also very important, which is enough to affect the appearance of the jadeite products. For example, a good cut egg noodle should not be too thick or too thin. The position of the "b" should be in the middle and the proportion should be moderate.

The evaluation of flower parts mainly measures the beauty and the fineness of the carving. Usually the jadeite with cracks will be treated in a carved way to cover up the flaws.

●Crack

Cracks can greatly reduce the value of jade. If there is a crack in the jade trim, a slight collision may crack along the entire crack. Therefore, extra care should be taken when purchasing jade ornaments. In general, it is easy to detect the presence of cracks by flashing with a flashlight.

The predecessors of China's jewellery industry have summed up a lot of experience about jade in the long-term practice of jade processing and production, and expressed these characteristics of jade in the form of simple and concise motto. Remember these maxims, and understand and appreciate the profound connotations that will benefit you for life.

●Uncolored under the lamp

In fact, no jewelry should be evaluated for the quality of the color under the lamp. For jade, this is especially important. This is because the color of the jade, especially the emerald color such as flashing ash, flashing blue and oil blue, is much better in the light than in the natural light. Therefore, under the light, you can only see the cleft of the jade, see the length of the head, see the degree of illumination or other characteristics. Look at and assess the green color of the jade under natural light.

●The color difference is the same, the price difference is ten times

For the high-end jade, the price difference is ten times more than enough. For example: a 500,000 yuan jade ring face and a 5 million yuan jade ring face, jade quality style, size, water, and cockroaches are all first-class, impeccable, the price difference between the two The key is the level of green. How to recognize and distinguish the various differences of jade green is extremely important, at least have been seen and experienced. “Looking at less and buying less” For the purchase of jade original stone, “seeing more” is a process of choice; it is a process of comparison; it is also a process of accumulating and verifying experience; it is the premise of buying and selling. “Buy less” is not to buy, but to remind you to “see” and buy again. "Ning buy a line, don't buy a large piece" For the green shape characteristics of the jade stone, "one line" belt green and "large piece" skin green are two expressions of the same green shape, which is "line" "The difference between standing and "slice". The thickness of the "line" is known, and the depth is unknown; the area of ​​the "slice" is known and the thickness is unknown. The key to the maxim is to remind people not to be confused by the green "more" and "less" on the surface of the jade, to recognize the essence of green "standing" and "lying". Therefore, it is not true that there is a large piece of green jade that does not buy, but rather reminds you not to over-expose the thickness of green.

●The dragon has water everywhere

The so-called "dragon" actually refers to the green in the jade. That is to say: under normal circumstances, no matter the thickness or transparency of the texture, the green part is better than the green part. Of course, sometimes this difference between emerald green and the ground is too strong, as the next maxim says.

● shit the ground out of the green

The jadeite land and the emerald green are interdependent and closely related. In general, in the case of good green water, the ground is usually not too bad, and vice versa. The maxim reminds people: Don't ignore the special nature of emerald green. Although not every "dog shit" will have high-grade green. But the dog can be seen in the green.

●Innocent and unobstructed

"Book of Rites" cloud: "Dagui is not awkward, beauty is also good." In fact, high-end jade green is usually in the form of "su", to express its natural essence. For example, moving fingers, fistulas, and the like in the old goods belong to the “Su-Li”. If you have a pattern, you will have a flaw in the beautiful pattern. Therefore, there is a saying in the industry that there is "nothing to hide". The same is true in modern jadeite products.

● cold eye view green

The so-called "green" refers to an added "fake jade", which is an old trick. The current means of counterfeiting are "bathing", "bathing" and "coating". Of course, any falsification may be stunned for a while, and will not be unseen forever. The previous maxim was said to the insiders, reminding people to pay attention to the feeling of the first sight, do not let go of any doubts. Therefore, for consumers, it may be a "cold eye". Be sure to go to a reputable, quality-assured store to buy jade.

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